Green-Circle and Red-Circle Rates

operationalbehavioral · compensation · count · organization

Counts employees paid outside their salary range, either below the minimum (green-circle) or above the maximum (red-circle).

Why it matters

What you measure connects, through the construct(s) it operationalizes, to outcomes organizations care about. The strongest evidenced links below (effect size × evidence × consequence):

How it’s computed

Formula

Measurement model

operational (a formula over systems data) — not a reflective survey scale; “reliability” here means data quality, not internal consistency

What it operationalizes

This metric measures the construct(s) below from operational data. Through them, it connects to the meta-analytic relationship network — the bridge from what you measure operationally to what the science knows.

What we know

Synthesized Bayesian priors over relationships involving this metric’s construct(s) — the meta-analytic evidence, with 95% confidence intervals and between-study heterogeneity (I²). Follow a row for the full distribution, contributing studies, and code.

The evidence

Attributed quotes from open-access papers, classified for stance against the relationship. Sourced and classified by Principia (no third-party feed) — displayable under each paper’s license.

“For example, a meta-analysis found that pay level had a weak relationship with pay satisfaction, which is a form of subjective perception of salary [27].” disputes

Pay level → Job Satisfaction · Linking Preschool Teachers’ Pay Equity and Turnover Intention in Chinese Public Kindergartens: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction (2023) · doi · CCBY

“According to a different study by Judge et al. (2010), salary level and money attitude are only tangentially connected to job satisfaction.” disputes

Pay level → Job Satisfaction · Does Attitudes Towards Money Matter? A Mediational Analysis of Job Crafting and Job Satisfaction in School Teachers (2023) · doi · CCBYNC

“According to a different study by Judge et al. (2010), salary level and money attitude are only tangentially connected to job satisfaction.” disputes

Pay level → Pay Satisfaction · Does Attitudes Towards Money Matter? A Mediational Analysis of Job Crafting and Job Satisfaction in School Teachers (2023) · doi · CCBYNC

“Judge et al. (2010), Yaseen (2013), and Bashir et al. (2011), showed that the level of pay and a better structured compensation system have a positive relationship with employee satisfaction.” supports

Pay level → Pay Satisfaction · Effects of the Compensation System and Socio-demographic Factors on the Attitudes of Employees in the Republic of Serbia (2023) · doi · CCBYNCND

“It has also been found that higher-income workers have better levels of job satisfaction, which can counter-act some of the consequences of overtime work (Acker, 2018; Judge et al., 2010).” supports

Pay level → Job Satisfaction · Working Overtime and Turnover Intention Among Chinese Social Workers: Roles of Organizational Identity and Individual Income (2025) · doi · CCBY

“For example, a meta-analysis found that pay level had a weak relationship with pay satisfaction, which is a form of subjective perception of salary [27].” supports

Pay level → Pay Satisfaction · Linking Preschool Teachers’ Pay Equity and Turnover Intention in Chinese Public Kindergartens: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction (2023) · doi · CCBY

“A meta-analysis in 2010 found that pay level is positively correlated with both overall job satisfaction and pay satisfaction; and the level of pay bears a positive, although modest, relationship to the job and pay satisfaction (27).” supports

Pay level → Job Satisfaction · A Unique Model of Performance-Based Premium Pay System in the Radiology Departments (2023) · doi

“A meta-analysis in 2010 found that pay level is positively correlated with both overall job satisfaction and pay satisfaction; and the level of pay bears a positive, although modest, relationship to the job and pay satisfaction (27).” supports

Pay level → Pay Satisfaction · A Unique Model of Performance-Based Premium Pay System in the Radiology Departments (2023) · doi

Use it

Track Green-Circle and Red-Circle Rates and its drivers in the People Analytics Toolbox — the registry’s evidence wired into deployable measurement.

Related metrics

Programmatic access: /api/v1/metrics/metric.green_red_circle_rates · /api/v1/evidence-statements?construct=construct.pay_level.