Shrinkage Rate

operationalbehavioral · performance · rate · unit

Inventory loss attributable to employee theft/error (CWB proxy).

Why it matters

What you measure connects, through the construct(s) it operationalizes, to outcomes organizations care about. The strongest evidenced links below (effect size × evidence × consequence):

How it’s computed

Formula

shrinkage value / sales

Measurement model

operational (a formula over systems data) — not a reflective survey scale; “reliability” here means data quality, not internal consistency

What it operationalizes

This metric measures the construct(s) below from operational data. Through them, it connects to the meta-analytic relationship network — the bridge from what you measure operationally to what the science knows.

What we know

Synthesized Bayesian priors over relationships involving this metric’s construct(s) — the meta-analytic evidence, with 95% confidence intervals and between-study heterogeneity (I²). Follow a row for the full distribution, contributing studies, and code.

The evidence

Attributed quotes from open-access papers, classified for stance against the relationship. Sourced and classified by Principia (no third-party feed) — displayable under each paper’s license.

“Since evidence indicate that employees’ perception of fairness is positively related to job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, leader–member exchange, task performance, work engagement, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour; and negatively related to job burnout, turnover intentions and counterproductive work behaviour [29-31]; it is imperative to provide context-specific evidence of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of” supports

Organizational Justice → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Perceptions and predictors of organizational justice among healthcare professionals in academic hospitals in South-Eastern Nigeria (2020) · doi · CCBY

“Empirical studies (Cummings, Poropat, Loxton, & Sheeran, 2017; Sackett, Berry, Wiemann, & Laczo, 2006) and meta-analyses (Dalal, 2005) reveal the independence of counterproductive behavior in relation to citizenship behavior, treating it as a characteristic of the individual that also has the ability to modify the university environment and negatively influence the organizational results and context.” disputes

Helping Behavior → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Behold the best and worst of me: the impostor phenomenon and academic behavior in the business area, (2020) · doi · CCBY

“…extraversion, and conscientiousness are negatively related to unethical, counterproductive, and deviant behavior in the workplace, while neuroticism is positively related to these behaviors (Pletzer, Bentvelzen, Oostrom, & Vries de, 2019; Koodamara, Prabhu, Suhan, & Narayanan, 2020).” supports

Conscientiousness → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Corruption revisited: the influence of national personality, culture, and wealth (2023) · doi · CCBY

“Honesty-humility is predictive of counterproductive behaviours (Pletzer et al., 2019) and conscientiousness is the most predictive personality dimension of task performance across jobs (Sackett & Walmsley, 2014; Schmidt & Hunter, 1998).” disputes

Conscientiousness → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Exploring the application of a text-to-personality technique in job interviews (2022) · doi · CCBYNCND

“Employees who have faced abusive supervision have experienced emotional exhaustion that has, in turn, led to counterproductive work behaviors [14].” supports

Abusive Supervision → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · When Employees are Emotionally Exhausted Due to Abusive Supervision. A Conservation-of-Resources Perspective (2019) · doi · CCBY

“First, Gonzalez-Mulé et al. (2014) report a meta-analytic summary of the relationship between general cognitive ability and task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), showing strong relationships with task performance, weaker with citizenship, and near-zero with CWB.” disputes

General Mental Ability (GMA) → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Revisiting meta-analytic estimates of validity in personnel selection: Addressing systematic overcorrection for restriction of range. (2021) · doi · CCBYNCND

“Regulatory focus has been used in meta-analysis as a mediator linking personality factors to important work outcomes (e.g. task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, innovation, counterproductive behavior) (Lanaj et al., 2012).” supports

Regulatory Focus → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Conflict-solving as a mediator between customer incivility and service performance (2022) · doi · CCBYNCND

“First, Gonzalez-Mulé et al. (2014) report a meta-analytic summary of the relationship between general cognitive ability and task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), showing strong relationships with task performance, weaker with citizenship,…” supports

General Mental Ability (GMA) → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Revisiting meta-analytic estimates of validity in personnel selection: Addressing systematic overcorrection for restriction of range. (2021) · doi · CCBYNCND

“Likewise low level of the organizational justice evidently affect counterproductive behavior of the employees, disengagement, retaliation (Cohen-Charash & Spector, 2001; Colquitt et al., 2001) and negative behavior.” supports

Organizational Justice → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Organizational justice and employee in-role performance nexus: a dual theory perspective (2022) · doi · CCBY

“Conscientiousness and emotional stability have also been found to relate negatively to counterproductive work behaviors [47].” supports

Emotional Stability → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Cognitive Reflection and the Diligent Worker: An Experimental Study of Millennials (2015) · doi · CCBY

“…extraversion, and conscientiousness are negatively related to unethical, counterproductive, and deviant behavior in the workplace, while neuroticism is positively related to these behaviors (Pletzer, Bentvelzen, Oostrom, & Vries de, 2019; Koodamara, Prabhu, Suhan, & Narayanan, 2020).” supports

Extraversion → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Corruption revisited: the influence of national personality, culture, and wealth (2023) · doi · CCBY

“Abusive supervision is detrimental to both organizations and employees, being viewed as an important source of employees’ reduced wellbeing and job satisfaction, as well as increased turnover, interpersonal deviance and counterproductive work behavior (Liu et al., 2010; Mackey et al., 2017; Tepper, 2000).” supports

Abusive Supervision → Counterproductive Work Behaviours · Abusive supervision in retailing: the mediating role of customer orientation and the moderating roles of contingent reward and contingent punishment (2020) · doi · CCBYNC

Use it

Track Shrinkage Rate and its drivers in the People Analytics Toolbox — the registry’s evidence wired into deployable measurement.

Related metrics

Programmatic access: /api/v1/metrics/metric.shrinkage_rate · /api/v1/evidence-statements?construct=construct.counterproductive_work_behaviours.