Handbook of Organization Measurement

Laissez-Faire Leadership

construct.laissez_faire_leadership

The absence or avoidance of leadership — abdication of responsibility, non-intervention, delayed action. The passive-avoidant extreme of the full-range model; an INDEPENDENT style distinct from both transformational and transactional leadership.

§2The established instruments

What the field already uses — named and cited, not reproduced (item wording is copyrighted and withheld pending clearance).

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) — Rater Form — Bass & Avolio
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) — Leader (Self) Form — Bass & Avolio

§3The math on what we know

Synthesized priors from the live registry: pooled r, studies (k), total N, top study grade, and heterogeneity. Rows flagged for heterogeneity or single-study evidence are directional, not settled — read them as a central tendency.