Social Criticism Scale
“Instead of providing students with a truly liberal education, American universities have increasingly become training centers for business firms and for the military.”
instead of providing students with a truly liberal education american universities have increasingly become training centers for business f…
CITM_4542848a0088 · 1 source instrument · 1 surface variant
Normalized stem
instead of providing students with a truly liberal education american universities have increasingly become training centers for business firms and for the military
Normalization rule (PRN-050): lowercase, strip non-word/space punctuation, collapse whitespace, trim. Used for fast dedup matching across the instrument corpus.
Normative benchmark
No normative benchmark yet for this item. Item-level norms require per-respondent response distributions; they populate from published norms where available and sharpen as anonymized, aggregated deployment responses are contributed (the benchmark flywheel).
Surface variants
The verbatim item text as it appeared in each source instrument. Cross-instrument variation is preserved here; the normalized form above is the dedup key.
- Instead of providing students with a truly liberal education, American universities have increasingly become training centers for business firms and for the military.
Appears in
Programmatic access: this row is also available via the registry REST surface at /api/v1/items/CITM_4542848a0088 and via the MCP gateway as principia.items.lookup.