20c it is essential for the functioning of a democracy that everyone votes

CITM_2d97d523fc19 · 2 source instruments · 1 surface variant

Normalized stem

20c it is essential for the functioning of a democracy that everyone votes

Normalization rule (PRN-050): lowercase, strip non-word/space punctuation, collapse whitespace, trim. Used for fast dedup matching across the instrument corpus.

Normative benchmark

No normative benchmark yet for this item. Item-level norms require per-respondent response distributions; they populate from published norms where available and sharpen as anonymized, aggregated deployment responses are contributed (the benchmark flywheel).

Surface variants

The verbatim item text as it appeared in each source instrument. Cross-instrument variation is preserved here; the normalized form above is the dedup key.

1. 20C. It is essential for the functioning of a democracy that everyone votes.

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